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Electronic commerce applications started in the early 1970s, with such innovations as electronic fund transfers (EFT). However, the extent of the applications was limited to large corporations, financial institutions, and a few daring small businesses. With the commercialization of the Internet in the early 1990s and its rapid growth to millions of potential cus­tomers, the term electronic commerce was coined, and EC applications expanded rapidly. One reason for the rapid expansion of the technology was the development of networks, protocols, software, and specifications. The other reason was the increase in competition and other business pressures. From 1995 to 1999 we have witnessed many innovative applications ranging from advertisement to auc­tions and virtual reality experiences. Almost every medium‑ and large‑sized organization in the United States already has a Web site.